Ilish (Hilsa-ইলিশ)

Ilish fish, also known as Hilsa or Tenualosa ilisha, is a prized and culturally significant fish in Bengali, Assamese, and Odia cuisines. Renowned for its rich, oily texture and distinctive flavor, Hilsa is a favorite in many traditional dishes. It is particularly celebrated during festivals and special occasions.
In Assam, as well as in West Bengal and Odisha, Hilsa fish is prepared in various traditional ways:
Ilish Bhapa (Steamed Hilsa): This is a classic preparation where Hilsa fish is marinated with mustard paste, green chilies, turmeric, and salt, then wrapped in banana leaves and steamed. The result is a flavorful, aromatic dish that accentuates the rich taste of the fish.
Ilish Maach Bhaja (Fried Hilsa): Hilsa pieces are simply marinated with turmeric and salt and then shallow fried until crispy. This preparation is often served as an appetizer or a side dish and highlights the fish's natural flavors.
Ilish Maacher Paturi: In this dish, Hilsa is marinated with spices and mustard paste, wrapped in banana leaves, and cooked on a low flame. The banana leaves impart a unique aroma to the fish, making it incredibly flavorful.
Ilish Maach er Tel Jhol (Hilsa Fish in Light Gravy): This is a lighter curry made with minimal spices, often including nigella seeds, green chilies, and turmeric. The simplicity of this dish allows the rich flavor of Hilsa to be the star.
Ilish Pulao (Hilsa Rice Pilaf): A festive dish where Hilsa fish is cooked with fragrant rice, spices, and sometimes a touch of ghee, creating a rich and aromatic one-pot meal.
Sorshe Ilish (Hilsa in Mustard Sauce): This iconic dish features Hilsa fish cooked in a thick mustard sauce, with a distinctive pungent and tangy flavor. It's a staple in Bengali households, often enjoyed with steamed rice.
Nutritionally, Hilsa fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart health, and is an excellent source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. However, Hilsa is known for its numerous fine bones, which require careful eating but are part of the experience for enthusiasts of the fish.
In Assam, the culinary use of Hilsa is similar to that in neighboring regions, reflecting the shared cultural and gastronomic heritage. The fish's unique taste and nutritional benefits make it a treasured ingredient, celebrated in many traditional and festive dishes.